DBT’s addiction treatment programme comprises four main modules:
Mindfulness
Dr. Linehan integrated mindfulness as a central component of DBT. This principle emphasises using meditation practices to ground individuals in the present moment, fostering acceptance of thoughts and emotions. The module teaches two key skills: observing the current environment and maintaining focus despite challenges. Exercises like progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery facilitate present-focused awareness, aiding recovery by deterring dwelling on the past or future worries.
Distress Tolerance
Following mindfulness, the distress tolerance module equips individuals with coping strategies for managing stressful situations without resorting to harmful behaviours. It leverages mindfulness skills to accept reality and employ distractions, self-soothing techniques, or positive reframing to navigate stressors constructively. By enhancing resilience and directing attention towards positive aspects, distress tolerance helps prevent relapse and promotes adaptive responses to adversity.
Emotion Regulation
Emotion regulation addresses the control of emotional responses, vital for individuals in addiction treatment susceptible to acting impulsively under emotional distress. Techniques include noticing and labelling emotions, refraining from reactive behaviour, and modulating the intensity of emotions. By fostering emotional balance and promoting positive emotions, this module empowers individuals to navigate emotional challenges without resorting to substance use.
Interpersonal Effectiveness
The interpersonal effectiveness module focuses on enhancing relational skills necessary for healthy interactions. It teaches individuals to identify and communicate personal needs assertively, set boundaries, and manage conflicts constructively. By promoting effective communication and boundary-setting, this module fosters healthier relationships and reduces vulnerability to interpersonal stressors that may trigger addictive behaviours.